Fakes, Piracy, Exports Thrive in Vietnam Despite Looming US Tariff Threat
By Reuters | 27 May, 2026

Vietnam enjoyed a $54.8 billion trade surplus with the US during Q1, higher than those of China and Mexico, with little prospect for change even with tariffs as the US importers have been forced to diversify away from China.

Counterfeit goods at Ninh Hiep market, classified by the U.S. Trade Representative among "notorious markets" for counterfeiting, despite government crackdowns and the threat of U.S. tariffs over the issue, on the outskirts of Hanoi, Vietnam, May 5, 2026. Picture taken with a mobile phone. REUTERS/Francesco Guarascio

At a sprawling bazaar on the outskirts of Vietnam's capital, the trade in counterfeit goods is bustling despite government crackdowns and the threat of U.S. tariffs over the issue, two visits by Reuters journalists to the market found.

"Police come once a year with a TV crew. They film the seizure of a shop, and then it's business as usual," said a seller at her stall displaying fake Ralph Lauren polos at Hanoi's Ninh Hiep wholesale market.

Ninh Hiep is among about 30 "notorious markets" worldwide identified by the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) in its latest annual report on counterfeiting and piracy.

The USTR also flagged streaming websites, such as MyFlixerz, which it said are believed to operate from Vietnam and draw hundreds of millions of monthly visitors worldwide by offering pirated films and TV series. Despite an announced crackdown, they remained accessible as of May 27.

The USTR and Vietnam's foreign ministry did not respond to requests for comment.

Washington regards intellectual property violations in Vietnam as serious and harmful to the U.S. economy. On April 30, it designated the Southeast Asian nation as the world's worst offender on IP rights and warned it could launch a probe by the end of this month, potentially leading to trade tariffs.

That coincided with a surge in Vietnam's exports to the United States, which in the first three months of this year led to a U.S. trade deficit with Hanoi of $54.8 billion, higher than those with major exporters China and Mexico, U.S. data shows. The Trump administration has repeatedly said it wants to reduce trade deficits.

After the April designation as a "priority foreign country" for IP rights - the only country in 13 years to be added to the worst category in the U.S. ranking - the foreign ministry said Vietnam made "strenuous efforts" to protect intellectual property and urged the United States to provide "an objective and balanced assessment of Vietnam's efforts and achievements."

FAKES ON DEMAND

Shortly after the USTR announcement, the Vietnamese government launched a campaign against counterfeits and online piracy from May 7 to 30.

It had launched a similar crackdown last year, after the Trump administration unveiled tariffs of 46% on imports from Vietnam, which have since been reduced to 10%. Vietnam has been in negotiations with Washington, its largest export market, for a trade agreement for the past year.

Reuters reporters visited Ninh Hiep twice this month, just before the crackdown and on May 25, and spoke with about 10 stallholders. All said authorities routinely launched enforcement operations, with limited lasting effect. All spoke without providing their identity because of the sensitivity of the matter.

One vendor said police had recently visited, prompting some shops to reduce displays of branded counterfeits, but added, "Fakes are still available in our storage if ordered."

Authorities overseeing anti-counterfeiting did not respond to requests for comment.

Reuters reporters saw dozens of stalls offering counterfeit clothes bearing brands including Ralph Lauren, Calvin Klein, Gucci, Gap and Alo Yoga. Many items carried tags in Chinese identifying manufacturers. When asked, shop assistants admitted they were fake, mostly imported from Guangzhou, China, with a smaller share made in Vietnam.

Past crackdowns have had a limited impact, with some traders saying enforcement efforts and a new tax system had affected business. A separate "notorious market" in Ho Chi Minh City was raided by the police last year but remains operational.

Motorbike riders continue to weave through Ninh Hiep's narrow alleys, looking to buy goods for resale in central Hanoi and in shops elsewhere.

"As long as there is demand, there will be supply," said one seller.

(Reporting by Khanh Vu and Francesco Guarascio; Additional reporting by Phuong Nguyen; Editing by John Mair)